Brad photographed this Fern Tree frond while we were hiking along the Estrada de Carmo trail in Intervales State Park in Brazil on October 14, 2011. New leaves (shown here) typically expand by the unrolling of a tight spiral called a crozier or fiddlehead. This uncurling of the leaf is termed circinate vernation. Fern Trees belong to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. They are vascular plants with xylem, phloem, stems, leaves, and roots. Temperatures were in the low to mid-60's on this cloudy afternoon with intermittent rain. Intervales State Park is located on a 3,300 foot high escarpment in the State of São Paulo in the Paranapiacaba mountain range/upper Ribeira Valley, southwest of the city of São Paulo and north of Curitiba.